Nazi Gold Essays - Aftermath Of World War II, Swiss Law,

Nazi Gold It is the last extraordinary puzzle of World War II: the incomplete, phenomenal quest for what might be billions of dollars in real money, gold, property, and workmanship covered up and unclaimed by survivors of the Holocaust ? or then again ravaged by the Nazis and their associates before transportation Jews to the concentration camps. In 1938 Nazi Gestapos assaulted the homes of more than 10,000,000 guiltless Jews. Their homes were whipped, assets were taken, and lives were torn to assist ?one predominant race.? None of these individuals at any point got pay for their setbacks, yet above all they never recaptured their lives. They had exchanged their financial balances to the unbiased nation of Switzerland. This was to guarantee their cash was as yet theirs, if by some possibility they endure the dread known as the Holocaust. At the point when all Jews were constrained into required inhumane imprisonments that cash bafflingly fell under the control of Swiss bank authorities. The not very many Jews that survived the spooky inhumane imprisonments, were denied the well deserved cash that was in the Swiss banks. These individuals have been battling fifty years with bank authorities to discover if Switzerland despite everything had their cash. It has now become obvious that billions of dollars are left in Swiss banks. Of these billions of dollars the not many that endure the Holocaust have never observed a penny. These casualties merit the cash they earned years back. The groups of those whose lives were taken have the right to get remuneration for their precursors. Holocaust casualties and groups of dead Holocaust casualties must get pay for being threatened. There are a great many dollars worth of Nazi gold in the United States and Great Britain, yet most gold is put away in Switzerland. Two nations that were immovably against the tyranny that was going on in Germany, took a large number of dollars of taken gold from that equivalent nation. The United States and Great Britain are said to have gold covered up in their national banks that was plundered by Nazis , however Switzerland was the primary goal for gold from the plundering of the Nazis. For a considerable length of time, Swiss brokers have denied having anything other than insignificant measures of Nazi plunder and unclaimed Jewish records in their vaults. ?There's been a multi year crusade of camouflaging,? says Edgar Bronfman, the business big shot and leader of the World Jewish Congress (WJC), who drives the quest for the shrouded resources . More than 50 years have passed and Switzerland has asserted they have tiny measures of Holocaust casualties cash. It wasn't until somebody dove exceptionally profound into Swiss financial chronicles known as the JAG records that the fact of the matter was found. In one of those crates, she found a duplicate of the Soci?#233 G?#233rale de Surveillance, a Geneva banking affiliation. It recorded names of Jewish nationals from Eastern Europe who had placed their cash into Swiss banks, with the measures of their stores. Converted into dollars and balanced for swelling, the absolute came to about $20 billion. It has been more than a long time since the Geneva Convention finished up WWII, and until 1996 Switzerland denied they even took such a cash from the Nazis. At the point when a terrible paper trail was followed, it was found out that more than $20 billion was covered up in Switzerland, Great Britain, and the United States. In any case, not one penny of the cash taken by Nazis has been come back to Holocaust casualties. It has been more than a long time since Gestapos attacked the homes of Holocaust casualties. Very nearly 7,000,000 Jews were executed in Nazi inhumane imprisonments, however the assessed 600,000 overcomers of the Holocaust have never gotten compensation installments from Germany. A few nations have neglected Jewish inhumane imprisonment survivors, and offered cash to noticeable Nazi rulers. The period of a considerable lot of the so far uncompensated casualties if Nazi abuses has offered earnestness to the undertaking. Throughout the years, a large portion of the casualties have been neglected while a few culprits and their beneficiaries have been compensated. The German widow of conspicuous Nazi Julius Streicher, for example, got a single amount of 46,000 deutsche marks ($35,000) from the West German government as pay for cash her significant other may have earned had he endure the war . For this situation the casualty was disregarded and the criminal's family was remunerated. Is this the way

The Biography Of Bob Marley Essays - Roots Reggae Library

The Biography of Bob Marley Via: Sean Dolan Robert Nesta Marley was conceived in Rhoden Hall, Saint Ann, Jamaica in 1945. He began as a man simply learning a welding exchange instructed to him in Kinston, Jamaica . While there Marley began a gathering in 1961 called the Rudeboys (later known as the Wailers). The Wailers included vocalists Bunny Livingston and Peter Tosh. The Wailers utilize a style of music called ska, which was a mixture of Rhythm and Blues and Jamaican Mento. He was a vocalist, guitarist, musician, and the most perceived reggae craftsmen on the planet today. In 1967 he changed over from Christianity from Rastafarianisn. Rastafarianism is a religion that accepted that the otherworldly impact of pot, it additionally embraced dark prevalence, and it likewise perceived Haile Salassie I (the ruler of Ethiopia) as a living god. After his change his religion turned into a major piece of his music as well. In about each tune he sang of his new religion commending Salassie I. His music presently contain a specific mysticism and magic that was extraordinary. Marley and the Wailers recorded Catch a Fire (1972), Burin' (1973), Natty Dread (1975), and Live (1975), and a couple different collections. During this time, there was a ton of unrest in Jamaica both strategically and monetarily and Marley developed a dissident picture. In 1976 while a cannabis vendor was at his place at around early afternoon, three folks arrived in a began terminating all over the place. He took three shots yet endure the death endeavor. After this he recorded Rastaman Vibrations (1976), Exodus (1977) and Babylon by the Bus (1978), Kaya (1978), Uprising (1980) and reissues of prior work. In 1981, Marley kicked the bucket from malignant growth, however his work will be recollected until the end of time. As I would like to think, Bob Marley was an extraordinary artist who gave motivation during a period of tumult in Jamaica. The verses he sung moved through individuals as he sung it. Numerous individuals saw him as a simply one more druggy that sung however when he sung there was a sure soul that is simply undescribeable yet now lives in his music. I for one think of him as a legend for turning into a motivation to a whole nation.

Ellis Island Essays - Port Of New York And New Jersey, Ellis Island

Ellis Island You may ask why somebody would experience all the difficulty to compose an article on migration. (other than the reality this is a task ever) Much of what we state, eat, and even do is associated with something that a worker brought to this nation years prior. A considerable lot of the dishes that we as Americans appreciate, for example, pastas, burritos, or even a few kinds of wieners were brought here by Italians, Mexicans, and Germans. Likewise quite a bit of our regular language originates from other dialects. This is the reason movement is so fascinating to me. My fundamental enthusiasm for movement happens at a spot called Ellis Island. Ellis Island is a little island in Upper New York Bay, in spite of the fact that in New Jersey waters. It is under the political locale of New York. From 1892 to 1954 Ellis Island was the Home office of a movement and naturalization locale of the United States. The early Dutch homesteaders called the island Oyster Island initially; it was later known as Gibbet Island, after a private was hanged there in 1765. Samuel Ellis purchased the island in the eighteenth century and gave it his name. From Ellis Island it went to New York State; it was purchased from the state by the government government in 1808. In 1892, when Castle Garden, the movement station at the Battery in lower Manhattan, could no longer deal with the progression of migrants, the gathering central command was moved to Ellis Island. At Ellis Island migrants were analyzed and either conceded or ousted. At the tallness of it's movement from 1900 to 1914 Ellis Island station could process 1 million individuals a year. Around 1890to 1920 generally Europeans showed up in Ellis Island. While at Angel Island in San Francisco Asians were showing up on pontoons. The ever-developing numbers burdened the personnel with long queues and congestion. Boats dropped grapples outside the Narrows, where Quarantine officials would get on to check for indications of plague infections. On the off chance that a boat was liberated from ailment, specialists would then inspect the first and inferior travelers, a large portion of whom were offered authorization to land when the boat docked. Steerage-class travelers were carried to Ellis Island for investigation. We were put on a freight ship, stuck in so close that I was unable to pivot, there were such a large number of us also, the odor was horrendous. What's more, when we got to Ellis Island, they put the gangplank down, and there was a man at the foot, and her was yelling, at the top of his lungs, Put your baggage here. Men thusly. Ladies and youngsters thusly. Dad took a gander at us and stated, we'll meet you back here at this hill of baggage and expectation we discover it again and see you later. This statement was by an European migrant in 1920 by the name of Eleanor Kenderdine Lenhart. Once in a while fresh introductions needed to sit tight on board their boats for a considerable length of time before being moved to Ellis Island. Once there, they were frequently restricted to the stuffed canal boats for a considerable length of time without food or water, hanging tight for their chance to land for review. The canal boats sanctioned by the steamship lines needed satisfactory toilets and lifesaving gear, they were freezing cold in winter and insufferably blistering in the late spring. While landing at Ellis Island, a few workers were so burdened with enormous packs that they kept their wellbeing declarations helpful by gripping then between their teeth. Their combination of things contained what more likely than not been their most prized yet versatile possessions: apparel, plume beds, dinnerware, just as photos, family supplication books what's more, different mementoes of the country. The foreigners were totally assessed as they shown up to Ellis Island in various manners. They assessed there intellectually and medicinally. The clinical review started when the workers rose the steps to the Registry Room. Specialists positioned at the highest point of the steps observed cautiously for brevity of breath or indications of heart inconvenience as the outsiders moved up the means hauling their stuff. U.S. General Health Service Doctors here and there just had six seconds to check every foreigner during the line investigation. On the off chance that a specialist found any sign of maladies, he denoted the shoulder or then again lapel of the migrant's garments with chalk: L for weakness, E for eyes, for instance. Checked migrants, some of them whom had gotten a few of these bewildering letters, were expelled from the review line and prompted uncommon diagnostic rooms. There a specialist would check them for the illness shown by the chalk imprint and give them a snappy by and large physical. Numerous

Business Research Essay Example for Free

Business Research Essay Our exploration is worried about the various elements influencing income of drive-thru eatery situated in nearness of instructive foundations. The reason for the examination is to concentrate how precisely buyers discretionary cashflow sway the drive-thru eateries income. For directing the examination, the example of information has been taken from understudies; instructors and heads of two schools state Bangalore Management Academy and CRM IMS. The outcomes uncover that eateries make a lot of benefit on school days and less benefit when shut in light of the fact that the achievement of the cafés relies upon consumer’s discretionary cashflow. Presentation. Presentation A cheap food is a food that can be cooked and served immediately sold in café. We saw in the most recent decade, a development of drive-through eateries in India as Indian eating-out propensity has impressively expanded. This wonder is additionally seen where we could every day see a motion of juvenile and most youthful populace and that spots are only close by instructive foundations. The focused on clients are generally understudies, instructors, managers and individuals situated in closeness to instructive foundations and the point of the cafés proprietors is to cause benefit, to boost and continue their income. Anyway it exist a connection between restaurant’s area, income, and shoppers discretionary cashflow. Issue STATEMENT Although, building a cheap food close by instructive establishments is the most appropriate approach to get numerous clients and make more benefit however this likewise can have terrible symptom since it isn't taking in light of certain elements like consumer’s salary, and schools days. Theory Variation of consumer’s extra cash sway the income of drive-thru eateries situated in closeness of instructive foundations. Essentialness OF THE STUDY This proposed research will decide the variables influencing instructive institutions’ vicinity drive-thru eateries income. Proclamation OF THE QUESTIONS What are the understudies and school directors eating-out propensities? What are their dispensable wages? How do their spend it? How consumer’s discretionary cashflow influences the instructive foundation closeness quick food’s income? Degree AND LIMITATION The extents of this exploration are the drive-thru eateries situated in closeness to instructive establishments. The confinements of the examination are the cafés that are not reachable by the instructive institutional individuals which are permitted to take an interest in the exploration. Writing REVIEW LITERATURE REVIEW One of the rising organizations that have become a significant wonder in India is drive-through eatery. Brought about by Indian eating out propensity that getting extremely well known, drive-through eateries is additionally scheduled to development around by 20% every year (Gaurav Marya, 2012). Quick nourishments business have been to such an extent that they persistently changing alongside the time and way of life changing and they get adjusted to migration, travel just as financial condition (Kittler and Sucher, 1995). In any case, so as to draw in clients, drive-through joints bear the cost of various nourishments at various costs as indicated by consumer’s salary and dietary pattern. The restaurateurs have an away from of the customer’s observations (Sundaram et al. , 1997) as they make an exceptional thoughtfulness regarding the earth around schools where youngsters and more youthful are defenseless against rehashed exposures (Kelly et al., 2008). Income is the most significant in any business and café industry face a test which is of supporting their gainfulness. Kimes (2004) propose that the components that decide the capability of a restaurant’s income is the limit straightforwardly identified with the nature of administration and design of tables. The customers’ fulfillments might be affected by the impact that a specific café offers back to him and their partner that discernment to the sort of eatery (Noone et al. , 2007:233). In any case, the hour of increment or diminishing of income relies upon the customer’s discretionary cashflow that goes in equal manner with the eateries owners’ strategy. In the event that the clients see the approach out of line they might be hesitant (Mc Guire and Kimes, 2006:123). Hardly any investigations have demonstrated an incredible achievement of cafés organizations in this as of late years. Technique METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN The examination will include the pretend by the consumer’s discretionary cashflow on eateries income through built and organized poll that we would provide for restaurant’s proprietors and instructive institutional individuals to round out the required information. The meeting booked is included two areas. 1 †Collection of data about buyers and their extra cash 2 †Accumulation of data with respect to area and yearly turnover of the business SAMPLING Our investigation will follow the multistage delineated strategy for examining dependent on some measure to choose the individual and eateries to lead the examination. Instructive organizations individuals will be partitioned into three gatherings: Students, Teachers and Administrators. The following examining gathering will be the schools vicinities drive-through joints proprietors. Information COLLECTION TOOLS The essential information sources used to gather information are organized polls that will be submitted to understudies and proprietors of drive-thru eateries situated to nearness instructive organization and instructive institution’s individuals. Alongside surveys, talks with additionally will be directed. The optional information will be gathered through different distributions, papers, sites and magazines. End CONCLUSION. The examination was directed on varieties of instructive organizations nearnesses restaurants’ incomes and these restaurants’ customers’ extra cash and their food propensity. It was led in Bangalore city among cafés proprietors and understudies, managers of specific schools; thusly, it has been conceivable to gather information from a little example remembering restrictions. The outcome has then been accumulated through subjective just as quantitative information assortments and investigation by addressing and meeting restaurant’s proprietors and clients. Toward the finish of the examination, it appears that the ascent of drive-thru eateries number in nearness to instructive foundations is a strategy to draw in more focused on clients so as to make more benefit. This is alluring strategy obliges the buyers eating-out propensity and molded by the principle factor which is consumer’s extra cash. The cafés then rely upon the consumer’s extra cash. At the point when this pay is low clients eat less food or low value nourishments so they go through less cash and the eateries income is less a this period. In any case, for the situation their pay is a lot of then clients eat a lot and income of the cafés is high. The subsequent factor is the school program. The eateries proprietors ought to consider likewise the opening and shutting system of the instructive foundations close to which they found their business. Poll QUESTIONNAIRE To the customers Name ðÿ˜  You are? | Male| | Female| | How old right? | 15-20| | 21-25| | 26-35| | 35 and above| | What is your occupation? | School administrator| | Teacher| | Student| | Where do you live? | On campus| | Around campus| |. | Within strolling distance| | Far from campus| | What is your feast plan every day? | 2| | 3| | Above 3| | No feast plan| | Do you frequently eat out? | Yes| | No| | How would you regularly eat out? | Never| | Occasionally| | 1 to 2 days a week| | More than 2 days a week| | Daily| | How would you frequently set up your own suppers during school weeks? | Never| | Occasionally| | All the time| | What sort of café do you eat at during educational time? | Fast food| | Casual dining| | Casual food| | What is your month to month extra cash? | Less than 15000| | 15000-20000| |. | 21000-35000| | More than 35000| | What is the normal measure of cash you go through off grounds each day? | Rs. 20 50| | Rs. 55 100| | Above Rs. 100| | I don’t burn through cash on campus| | INTERVIEWS With the understudies Interviewer: Hi, I am Bamba Adama, MBA understudy of Bangalore Management Academy; with your authorization, I might want to direct a meeting with you for a business inquire about reason. The motivation behind this meeting is to search for various elements that influence your dietary pattern and you spend your discretionary cashflow as indicated by your food propensity. Questioner: Can you disclose to me a touch of something important to you? Understudy Interviewer: Where do you live? Do you live with family or alone? Understudy Interviewer: What do you appreciate eating day by day? Why? Understudy Interviewer: Do you cook the nourishments yourself? Understudy: Interviewer: What do you appreciate eating every day? Why? Understudy Interviewer: Do you use to you eat diverse food outside accurately in one of the eateries around grounds? Why/why not? Understudy Interviewer: Is there some other reasons like nourishments costs? Understudy: Questioner: How much around do you spend week by week by eating outside? Understudy Interviewer: Who gives you your salary? I mean your pocket cash? Understudy With Restaurant proprietor Interviewer: Hi, I am Bamba Adama, MBA understudy of Bangalore Management Academy; with your authorization, I might want to direct a meeting with you for a business investigate reason. The reason for this meeting is to search for various variables that influence your restaurant’s income as per your area. Questioner: Can you disclose to me a touch of something important to you and your business? Café Owner Interviewer: What kinds of food do you cook? Eatery Owner Interviewer: Were you found some place previously? Eatery Owner Interviewer: What persuaded you to manufacture

Equity Markets or Stock Valuation-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You are required to discover an article as for both of the accompanying issues underneath and dissect the pertinence of the news thing to the issues showed beneath. The chose article ought to be current, for example from May 2017 onwards. a .Bond issue or rating offices b. Budget reports c. Value markets or stock valuation d. Capital planning of a business element Answer: Presentation The conversation manages the Equity market and stock valuation. The value advertise alludes to the market where offers are given and exchanged. The exchanges are made either through trades or through other decentralized modes. The value market or financial exchange permits the speculators to get the responsibility for with a possibility to acknowledge future additions and the organizations access to capital (Chen and Tindall 2016). It is stage where the purchasers and venders communicate to exchange the protections that are recorded in the trade or secretly executed. The organizations so as to aggregate capital auction their offers or stocks in the market; every one of the stock speaks to responsibility for organization (Kopczuk 2015). Consequently if the organization procures a benefit the financial specialists can likewise get a piece of it. For this situation, a colossal hazard associated with the financial specialists if the organization endures a misfortune. The more the interes t for supplies of a specific organization higher is the cost of its offers. Article audit The stock prizes for organizations can impact an economy. Ascend in the stock prizes shows a sound developing economy, also on the off chance that pattern of the stocks are descending, at that point it demonstrates a frail economy or downturn (Eaton et al. 2016). The current conversation manages different money related issues as for rise and fall stock prize. The article picked titled US stocks endure most exceedingly terrible fall in 6 years, distributed by budgetary occasions correspondents on 6th of February 2018.The article features on the most noticeably terrible fall in the US securities exchange in contrast with the presentation over the most recent six years. On 6th of February, the financial exchange saw a fast selling of protections demonstrating decrease in the estimations of the equivalent, this eradicated the benefits of the market of the entire year. The unexpected gracefully of the offers from the financial specialists side raised a doubt. The securities exchange file Dow-Jones Industrial Average in a short time shed in excess of 800 focuses. This fall can be set apart as second most elevated in the entire decade. The Leuthold venture the board tactician Jim Paulsen remarked that this quick auction might be because of programmed quantitative exchange or a particular organization or individual can be accused. Before the day's over, the SP-500 record was at 2648.94 that is 4.1% fall. This was the most noticeably terrible fall since august 2011.The Doq file tumbled to 175 focuses and Nasaq list tumbled to 6967.The seat mark files of the nations fell massively, the Japan benchmark Topix fell 6.3%, South Koreas list kopsi composite fell 2.6% ,the Australian market ASX 200 additionally saw a tumble down of 3.7%. The article likewise makes reference to that the Vix instability Index known as the Wall Street dread measure on that day arrived at its pinnacle hit that is 37.32. Last until it had arrived at its most elevated when the Chinese cash devaluated in august 2015 (Chan 2015). This additionally surpassed the levels came to during the Greek obligation emergency of 2015(Wickens 2017). The financial specialists, who had expected that the market would stay cool and had a wagered on it, endured a colossal misfortune. The trade exchanged reserve named the expert offers endured a colossal loss of 32%, the Velocity Shares Short Vix additionally lost by 14.3%. Michael Arone, the main speculation tactician at state road worldwide guide, expressed that the decrease of the offer qualities is an aftereffect of quick ascent in financing costs and expansion expectation (Gal 2015). He was astonished to see this abrupt nonstop offer of protections. On bringing up the issue whether this fall in the value advertise influence on a long would term premise, to Donald Trumps delegate press secretary Raj Shah, he commented that, these vacillations don't have a transient impact. The basic of the economy being solid, the circumstance can be made stable soon. The co boss venture official of Bridgewater partners has additionally included that it was a wonder of exemplary late cycle conduct. There has been an expansion in the weight in the security showcase as the banks have been loosening up the fiscal approach. After the episode, it very well may be foreseen the Federal Reserve could again fortify financial arrangement all the more forcefully. The US shortfall is additionally expected to ascend, because of increment in tax reductions and ascend in government borrowings the securities exchange has hit. The worldwide offer market has been frightfully moved, there includes been a frenzy inside the investors who has been selling of their protections, bringing the fear up in the market. David Kelly, boss worldwide specialist at JPMorgan resource the board educated that the explanation behind this isn't because of the ascent in the loan fees (Maioand and Santa-Clara 2017). He called attention to a clarification to this; he said this could be because of past due of the amendment of the offer and the security markets. He additionally anticipates that the next week should be lopsided for the financial exchange, however there is as yet a major uncertainty in the outcome. The Big Euro Zone markets are affirmed to run in negative for the year. Pertinence with the picked subject Numerous components that can impact the financial exchange factors like overpricing of stocks ascend in the loan costs deceitful exercises and Federal Reserve approaches (Bernanke 2017). In the above conversation, a circumstance of an offer market crash has been featured. Fast deal in the market, the merchants are ordinarily alarmed for a startling financial occasion or emergency. This accident may influence the economy and individual clients (Sornette 2017). The securities exchange is certainly not a genuine economy; the offer market may experience changes in the offer costs because of numerous reasons, for example, remedy of overvaluation and change in the premiums rates. The picked article centers around the issue of abrupt fall in the estimation of the portions of the US financial exchange. The economy may experience the ill effects of downturn if the market persistently experiences such fall (Farmer 2015). End The US financial exchange has confronted an awful fall in these security costs as of late on sixth of February 2018. There was an abrupt fall in the market making the economy feeble. There are numerous components like bank rates, swellings, flattening, monetary and political guidelines that can influence the security costs. A legitimate field-tested strategy and careful venture choice may assist with evading the outcome. Reference and Bibliography Bernanke, B.S., 2017. Central bank strategy in a universal context.IMF Economic Review,65(1), pp.5-36. Chan, A., 2015. Chinas cash downgrading expands vulnerability, Economics: Asian Perspectives. Chen, J. furthermore, Tindall, M.L., 2016. Developing Equity MarketNeutral VIX Portfolios with Dynamic CAPM.The Journal of Alternative Investments,19(2), pp.70-87. Eaton, J., Kortum, S., Neiman, B. furthermore, Romalis, J., 2016. Exchange and the worldwide recession.American Economic Review,106(11), pp.3401-38. Rancher, R.E., 2015. The securities exchange crash truly caused the incomparable recession.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,77(5), pp.617-633. Lady, J., 2015.Monetary strategy, expansion, and the business cycle: a prologue to the new Keynesian structure and its applications. Princeton University Press. Kopczuk, W., 2015. What do we think about the development of top riches partakes in the United States.Journal of Economic Perspectives,29(1), pp.47-66. Maio, P. also, Santa-Clara, P., 2017. Momentary loan fees and securities exchange anomalies.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,52(3), pp.927-961. Sornette, D., 2017.Why securities exchanges crash: basic occasions in complex budgetary frameworks. Princeton University Press. Wickens, M., 2017. A Macroeconomic Perspective on the Greek Debt Crisis. InPolitical Economy Perspectives on the Greek Crisis(pp. 157-175). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Quit-Smoking Drug Chantix May Help Heavy Drinkers

Quit-Smoking Drug Chantix May Help Heavy Drinkers Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print The Quit-Smoking Drug Chantix May Help Heavy Drinkers By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on August 13, 2019 efenzi/Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use A drug used to help people stop smoking may also help heavy drinkers cut back the amount they drink, thereby reducing their harmful level of alcohol consumption. A study of the drug varenicline, marketed as Chantix, significantly reduced the level of consumption by a group of heavy-drinking smokers, who were seeking treatment for smoking, not for alcohol. Researchers believe the drug could possibly be a new treatment for those who need to reduce their level of harmful drinking. At the Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction at the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center at the University of California, San Francisco, researchers studied 64 patients seeking treatment for smoking cessation over a 16-week period. Part of the group was given Chantix and the other a placebo. The Average Number of Are Drinks Reduced The participants who took Chantix reduced their average number of drinks per week by 35.32% compared to those taking the placebo. The researchers found that the drugs effects on drinking were separate from its effects on smokingâ€"there was no correlation between the average number of drinks and the average number of cigarettes they smoked. The study found that Chantix did not reduce the number of days per week the participants drank  but reduced the number of drinks they consumed when they did drink. People initiated drinking at the same rate, but they drank less once they started, said lead author Jennifer Mitchell. If your usual pattern was to come home and have a few beers, you would still do that, but you might have one or two instead of four or five. Medications for Alcoholism Reducing Harmful Drinking The authors concluded that Chantix could potentially be valuable in reducing the harm caused by alcohol abuse. If you currently drink seven drinks a night, and we can turn that into two or three, then youre not only drinking at a level thats going to harm you less, youre less likely to harm others, as well. If we could lower the rates of drunk driving, spousal and child abuse and other secondary effects of alcoholism, that would be tremendous, Mitchell said in a news release. Chantix helps people stop smoking by blocking the pleasant effects of nicotine in the brain. The authors believe that alcohol and nicotine use a common pathway in the brain to provide feelings of pleasure and reward. Low Side Effects in Controlled Group The downside to Chantix, however, is the negative side effects of producing depression and thoughts of suicide. In this study, the researchers said the side effects were low and reduced over time, but that may be due to the fact that participants were carefully screened for mental health disorders before they were allowed into the study. Further research is needed to examine side effects that include depression and suicidal thoughts. The researchers recommend future studies with participants who have comorbid mental health conditions as well as with heavy drinkers who do not smoke. The Link Between Alcohol Use Disorder and Depression

The MCAT Fact and Fiction

The MCAT: Excruciatingly painful? In The Art of War, Sun Tzu wrote, â€Å"Know your enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles without disaster.† History overflows with examples of misinformation that brought about disaster. What could this possibly have to do with preparing for the MCAT? The MCAT is such a unique test that going in with the fullest knowledge possible of the exam will assist you in optimally preparing. Below are several common misconceptions about the test. 1.  The MCAT is similar to a final exam for  five specific classes This notion can cause undue stress in the days preceding the test. It is easy to imagine how excruciatingly painful it would be to take an exam with questions selected from a plethora of specific topics related to biology, biochemistry, general chemistry, organic chemistry, and physics – on a single test. Fortunately, this is not the case. The level of knowledge required to pass those classes is far deeper than much of what you will be tested on during the MCAT. Rather than covering minute details, the MCAT mainly requires students to have a firm grasp of the fundamentals of each subject and to understand how to work with basic equations. 2. You’ll have to relearn all of the sciences because you will have forgotten everything from your college courses For traditional students, there is typically a gap between their basic science classes and the time they dedicate to studying for the MCAT. If that knowledge was not needed for additional classes, it is likely that the majority of details were lost. Students are often surprised at how many of the general concepts they remember, however – and this is much more important for the MCAT. Most people certainly need to review a subject or two to firm up their understanding, but it isn’t an entire relearning process. 3. This is a test of how intelligent you are Like any exam, intelligence is a factor – but much more than that, the MCAT tests a person’s ability to work diligently toward a goal. The people who do well are not necessarily the smartest ones – they’re the individuals who put in the time and effort to understand what the MCAT covers, how it presents that material, and how you should apply those concepts as the test-taker. Familiarizing yourself with the structure and format of the test is half the battle. 4. A high mark will automatically get you into medical school Just like a solid SAT or ACT score helped get you into college, an impressive MCAT score will only help you get into med school, and med school admissions are typically much more competitive than college admissions. There are many factors besides the MCAT that contribute to an admissions decision. This test will not solely determine whether or not you gain entrance into medical school. It’s one miniscule piece of a very large puzzle. 5. Other than the biology portion, nothing on the MCAT will prepare you for medical school You may think that much of the material is not directly relevant to your medical school career, but the process involved in studying for med school courses strongly reminds me of what it was like to study for the MCAT. Completing that process will aid you in determining what study methods, learning styles, and practice techniques work best for you. This will be crucial knowledge when you’re challenged by your first med school exam. 6. You won’t be able to have a life while studying for the MCAT One of the key lessons everyone learns in life is how to balance work and play, and if you hope to be a doctor, this is the perfect opportunity to begin developing that delicate balance. This is especially important for the MCAT because if you focus so much on studying for the test that other elements of your life are neglected, this will lead to a decreased ability to cope with stress; it’s not difficult to imagine where that will lead. You’ll notice that all of these myths were negatives; these misconceptions can make the MCAT sound harder than it is in reality, and they can add to your stress while preparing for it. If there’s one item that isn’t necessary during this process, it’s additional stress. With any luck, clearing up these myths will help you fight that battle and attain the high score you’re after! Eric Secrist is a professional MCAT tutor and contributing writer for Varsity Tutors. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Biology from the University of Washington and is a current medical student at Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University.